Economists know that people respond to incentives and behave opportunistically, but overlook the implications this has for their own behaviour as researchers. Harvard's Edward L. Glaeser writes:
But while economists assiduously apply incentive theory to the outside world, we use research methods that rely on the assumption that social scientists are saintly automatons.
No economist would ever write down a model using the assumptions about individual selflessness that lie behind our statistical methods. ...Certainly there is no sense in which standard techniques have been adjusted to respond to researcher incentives.
His discussion paper, Researcher Incentives and Empirical Methods (PDF) explores possible solutions:
The solution to this problem is not to expect a mass renunciation of data mining, selective data cleaning or opportunistic methodology selection, but rather to follow Leamer’s lead in designing and using techniques that anticipate the behavior of optimizing researchers. In this essay, I make ten points about a more economic approach to empirical methods and suggest paths for methodological progress.
Glaeser proposes "a series of both tests and techniques that respond to researcher initiative bias." This is a paper all economists ought to reflect on.
"All economists" and all scientists as well. I found the paper's scope somewhat bizarre, however. Glaeser's inclusion of intentional bias, while clearly present in the scientific community, seems at odds with his perceptive dissection of the subjective obstacles facing scientists. Although, he does decry the increasing custom of ignoring "documenting correlations among clearly endogenous variables." Perhaps he is merely being thorough. I was left with the nagging feeling, as well as learning a bit about "researcher initiative bias," that it may be researcher hunting season, and this paper was aimed at a particular wascawy wabbit.
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