Inter-county migration in China - mostly rural migrants moving to urban areas - increased four-fold during the 1990s, from just over 20 million in 1990 to 79 million by 2000. With what effect?
Co-authors Alan de Brauw from the International Food Policy Research Institute and Michigan State University's John Giles examine the impacts this great tide of migration has had on China's rural villages. Their paper, Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World: Evidence from China (PDF), finds that rural out-migration has boosted per capita consumption and reduced inequality:
We find that increased migration from rural villages leads to signicant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households.
Villages with the fastest growth in out-migration have seen the largest reductions in village poverty headcount and the strongest growth in average consumption levels. Out-migration has also reduced inequality - "expanded migration is associated with decreasing inequality within villages", as poorer households "supply more labor to productive activities and experience more rapid income growth".
There are mixed effects on rural investment - new earnings from urban jobs have largely been spent on better homes and durable goods:
A second important finding relates to the impact of migration on investment in rural areas. Increases in migration from rural China are associated with increased accumulation of housing wealth and consumer durables, but we do not find evidence of a significant relationship between migration and investment in productive assets.
While none of these findings are particularly unexepected, they help unpack China's economic story. And they show that it is not just international migration that brings benefits.
In the 2000s, the U.S. underproduced and overconsumed, while export-led economies overproduced and underconsumed. The price of oil is linked to the value of the dollar, i.e. a negative correlation. For example, when the U.S. Fed increases the money supply, economic growth is stimulated. So, demand for oil increases. China's economy is linked to the U.S. economy. Consequently, when the U.S. economy is stimulated, China's economy is also stimulated, i.e. when the U.S. raises actual output towards potential output, China overproduces even more.
Posted by: Cheap Caribbean Cruises | Sunday, October 17, 2010 at 10:35 PM
Nice blog,I suspect, the quantity and quality of output will continue to rise more than the supply of all forms of energy.
Posted by: GK Scott | Wednesday, October 27, 2010 at 01:56 PM
Good point what you have tried to share with us. Its really very appreciative. Good job! Keep posting like this.
Posted by: generic viagra 100mg | Friday, October 29, 2010 at 07:45 AM
I think they have to done really great work by china's IFPRI employee. I really impress to read that they have how to done that project and succeed that. Great post.thanks for sharing I got some information form your article.
Posted by: jordan 1 | Saturday, October 30, 2010 at 02:38 AM
Are you felt that it is right? I do not really think that, but can keep personal opinions!
Posted by: coach outlet | Saturday, October 30, 2010 at 04:18 AM
Your page is so fantastic! You sure do know how to keep your audience entertained. I am so glad that I took the time to look at this blog, because let me tell you. Not a lot of people know how to balance knowledge of a subject and content.
Posted by: nfl jerseys | Saturday, October 30, 2010 at 03:51 PM
Glad to have your information. i just respond to inform you that everything on your pages is wonderful. thank you very much!
Posted by: air yeezy | Monday, November 01, 2010 at 01:23 AM
There have been no published predictions on how much China’s population has grown in the last decade, but if it grew by just 1 percent a year, that would be an addition of 130 million people..Thanks for the great stuff contributes here..
Posted by: learn spanish online | Tuesday, November 02, 2010 at 09:59 AM
The more we do, the more we can do; the more busy we are, the more leisure we have.
Posted by: Air Jordan 2010 | Wednesday, November 03, 2010 at 05:09 AM
Great job this was very helpful keep up the first class content!
Posted by: Adderall | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 09:57 AM
Amazing i was just saying the same thing!
Posted by: Buy Adderall | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 10:11 AM
I would love to see this elaborated upon!
Posted by: Buy hydrocodone | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 10:42 AM
Lovely! so helpful and coherent, simply a pleasure to read !
Posted by: Buy Hydrocodone | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 11:14 AM
Lovely! so helpful and coherent, simply a pleasure to read !
Posted by: Buy hydrocodone | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 11:56 AM
Lovely! so helpful and coherent, simply a pleasure to read !
Posted by: Buy hydrocodone | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 01:19 PM
Fantastic! so helpful and coherent, simply a pleasure to read !
Posted by: Buy codeine | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 01:48 PM
The stock market crash in 2000-02 was a remain of what was once a stock market!
Posted by: Buy Adderall | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 02:03 PM
Hi! This is such a great article and I am sure a lot of entrepreneurs are going to benefit from this. I have been giving advice like these to many up and coming business people and have been successful so far. I am Donald Brownlie Fleming, an Australian Entrepreneur, ebook author (Master Selling by Donald Brownlie Fleming) and a Philanthropist. If you have time, maybe you can visit me too:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_ATM
Posted by: Account Deleted | Thursday, November 04, 2010 at 08:56 PM
Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.
Posted by: air yeezy | Saturday, November 06, 2010 at 01:39 AM
knowing something of everything and everything of something.
Posted by: coach outlet | Wednesday, November 10, 2010 at 07:03 AM
Thanks..
Posted by: dizi izle | Saturday, November 13, 2010 at 03:17 PM
thanks for this post
Posted by: Rap | Monday, November 29, 2010 at 11:53 AM
Welcome to http://www.timberlandoutlet-uk.com/ online store, one of the 100% Timberland boots store.Timberland uk,cheap Timberland Boots, timberland shoes just surf http://www.timberlandoutlet-uk.com/.presenting all the latest must-have and hottest styles, 24/7, 365 days a year. We stake the reputation on the great quality, selection, professional customer service, excellent after service, free shipping...Timberland,If you are interested in the more information about the Cheap Timberland Boots, please contact us on websites.
Posted by: shoes1 | Wednesday, December 01, 2010 at 07:49 AM
Steve, over the past three years, the global economy has used roughly 85 million barrels of oil a day. Yet, real global growth has expanded much more than the supply of oil. Of course, there's less surplus oil, to meet demand, which contributed to higher oil prices. So, obviously, there was enormous energy efficiencies or substitution into energy alternatives.
Posted by: bedava porno izle | Wednesday, December 15, 2010 at 07:12 PM
China's leaders are struggling to deal with the biggest wave of unemployment and the country faced in years. The migrants from the countryside, the main source of employment in export-oriented industries, construction sites, and the most affected so far. And millions displaced from their jobs.
Posted by: Promotional Apparel | Thursday, January 06, 2011 at 03:06 AM
Itis a moving story!
Posted by: Coach Outlet | Tuesday, January 11, 2011 at 12:46 AM
tahnk you
Posted by: Serra | Wednesday, January 19, 2011 at 11:15 PM
It stands to reason that if people are moved from rural areas where they are engaged in productive activities for their own consumption (and usually, at least, a few others) and are then moved from that situation that their consumption of consumer good would increase.
Posted by: porno izle | Wednesday, February 02, 2011 at 09:36 PM
thanks for articles
Posted by: travesti | Friday, February 04, 2011 at 12:18 PM
very interesting your point of view about this condition so thanks for your good suggestion that you have mention here its really nice post..:)
Posted by: Legal agreements | Wednesday, February 23, 2011 at 06:55 AM
Limited Time lifestyles and bored with the dull monotony of strip centers has meant a slow but steady decline in the number and length of stay in malls. People will get what they want and leave. A pleasant environment is particularly important for the generation of Geny.
Posted by: Mattress Store | Friday, February 25, 2011 at 12:14 PM
Energy is regarded as a tiny fraction of the economy even though virtually 100 percent is vitally dependent on it.
Posted by: Viagra Online | Friday, March 04, 2011 at 06:00 PM
Remove it from the loud sound described as among the People of the individual during sleep, especially in the medical sense, the most common cause of snoring soft palate observed in adults, little more than normal growth of the tongue, the muscles sag and lose tension and blockage of the airway during sleep titresmesidir little of the language.
Posted by: horkes | Thursday, March 10, 2011 at 02:53 PM
yea nice Work :D
Posted by: charles david sandals | Monday, March 14, 2011 at 10:02 PM
China's leaders are struggling to deal with the biggest wave of unemployment and the country faced in years.Energy is regarded as a tiny fraction of the economy even though virtually 100 percent is vitally dependent on it. but really like this post thanks you are sharing a article for blog.
Posted by: Mammoth Lakes Property Management | Thursday, March 31, 2011 at 07:21 AM
I read this article U asked is write information I like this post r blog.
Posted by: Home Wall Fountains Bay Area | Thursday, March 31, 2011 at 10:38 AM
Humanity, the information society, knowledge economy, knowledge-based economy will define terms such as Ahmed studied a new form of society have experienced pain of passing,''özgürleştiriyor member of the Internet on the one hand, is making him out as the producer and consumer on the other hand the organization of the broad masses of the world, together to produce , contributing to act together,''he said.
Internet yıktığına hierarchical structures, pointing to reduce the effect of the boundaries of time and space away kaldırdığına Ahmed, so the Internet more free, more transparent, more participatory environment for people who want to share with the world provides more wealth, he said.
Posted by: sac çikarici | Saturday, April 09, 2011 at 11:55 PM
Your site is very good. There are useful information and most importantly, for sharing great. Thank you.
Posted by: promosyon | Tuesday, April 12, 2011 at 09:51 AM
Save the essence of life in the treatment of skin allantoinle Snail! This essence creates a bad appearance and have no choice tahribatlarının skin no longer be removed even if the so-called cracks.
Nature of this herbal solution effectively and safely as possible to get rid of sivilcelerinizden! Skin care products on behalf of the choice deliberately choose to adhere and creams containing natural formulas that you keep the fault
Posted by: diş beyazlatma kalemi | Tuesday, April 12, 2011 at 12:26 PM
Remove it from the loud sound described as among the People of the individual during sleep, especially in the medical sense, the most common cause of snoring soft palate observed in adults, little more than normal growth of the tongue.
Posted by: children's multivitamin | Monday, April 18, 2011 at 08:17 AM